1. Se से is used with the object using which the verb is done.
I will go to Bengaluru by bus – मैं बस से बेंगलुरु जाऊँगा – Main bas se bengaluru jaoonga
Se is added next to the bus as the action of going is achieved with the help of a bus.
She cut the vegetables using a knife – उसने चाकू से सब्जियों को काटा – Usne chaakoo se sabjiyon ko kaata
Se is added next to chakoo as the action of cutting is achieved with the help of a knife.
Ram killed Raavan with an arrow – राम ने बाण से रावण को मारा – Ram ne baan se Raavan ko maara
Se is added next to baan as the action of killing is done with an arrow.
The kids are playing with the toys – बच्चे खिलौनों से खेल रहे हैं – Bachche khilaunon se khel rahe hain
Se is added next to toys as the action of playing is done using toys.
2. Used instead of ko with following verbs and with animate objects.
कह – Kah – Say
बोल – Bol – Say
पूछ – Pooch – Ask
प्यार कर – Pyaar kar – Love
मुहब्बत कर – Muhabbat kar – Love
शादी कर – Shaadi kar – Marry
माँग – Maang – Ask/demand
मिल – Mil – Find/Meet
मुलाक़ात कर – Mulakaat kar – Meet
लड़ – Lad – Fight
डर – Dar – Fear/afraid
बात कर – Baat kar – Talk
इनकार कर – Inkaar kar – Refuse
नफ़रत कर – Nafarat kar – Hate
प्रार्थना कर – Prarthana kar – Pray
दोस्ती कर – Dosti kar – Make friendship
वादा कर – Vaada kar – Promise
खुश हो – Khush ho – Be pleased
Example:
I love him
मैं उसको प्यार करती हूँ – Main usako pyaar karatee hoon [According to rule previously learnt, the sentence should be said like this.]
मैं उससे प्यार करती हूँ – Main usase pyaar karatee hoon [But it is said like this as the verb in the sentence is love]
They met the prime minister today
उन्होंने आज प्रधानमंत्री से मुलाकात की – Unhonne aaj pradhaanamantree se mulaakaat kee
3. से is used for “from”.
I am on leave from tomorrow – मैं कल से छुट्टी पर हूँ – Main kal se chhuttee par hoon
I am from America – मैं अमेरिका से हूँ – Main Amerika se hoon
4. से is used for comparing [Lesson 24]
India is bigger than Pakistan – भारत पाकिस्तान से बड़ा है – Bhaarat Paakistaan se bada hai
I am younger than him – मैं उससे छोटा हूँ – Main usase chhota hoon
5. से represents cause, reason and origin.
She became weak due to fever – वह बुखार से कमज़ोर हुई – Vah bukhaar se kamzor hui
This bangle is made of gold – यह चूड़ी सोने से बनी है – Yah choodee sone se banee hai
6. से indicates the manner with which something is done.
Listen carefully – ध्यान से सुनो – Dhyaan se suno
He came fast – वह तेजी से आया – Vah tejee se aayaa
Comparing adjectives
In English, we have comparative and superlative degrees, such as big-bigger-biggest, old-older-oldest, etc. But in Hindi, there are no such changes.
In Hindi, se से is used to compare two things or persons. Se which means “than” is placed after the person or thing with which the comparison is being made.
Example:
I am younger than you – मैं तुमसे कमउम्र हूँ – Main tumse kamumr hoon – Here, my age is being compared with yours, and so, se is added next to tum.
Ravi’s pen is costlier than Shilpa’s pen – रवि की कलम शिल्पा की कलम से महंगी है – Ravi kee kalam shilpa kee kalam se mahangee hai – Here, pen of Ravi is being compared with pen of Shilpa, and so, se is added next to Shilpa’s pen.
The superlative degree is formed by putting सबसे sabse before the adjective. Sab means everyone. Sabse means that everyone.
Example:
He is the strongest – वह सबसे मजबूत है – Vah sabase majaboot hai – This means he is stronger than everyone.
Julie is the most beautiful actress – जूली सबसे खूबसूरत अभिनेत्री है – Joolee sabase khoobasoorat abhinetree hai
In superlative degree sentences, when the noun compared is not mentioned, the adjective repeated with se between them.
Example:
अच्छे से अच्छा आदमी – achche se achcha aadmee – the best man