The present perfect tense refers to an action or state that either occurred at an indefinite time in the past or began in the past and continued to the present time. This tense is formed by have/has + the past participle.
Below are the steps to frame present perfect tense sentences in Hindi.
Sentences with an intransitive verb:
1. Write the sentence in past indefinite tense (Lesson 17 and Lesson 18).
I arrived home – मैं घर पहुँचा – main ghar pahunchaa (said by a male)
I arrived home – मैं घर पहुँची – main ghar pahunchee (said by a female)
2. Add present tense indicators hoon हूँ, ho हो, hai है, and hain हैं according to the subject.
I have arrived home – मैं घर पहुँचा हूँ – main ghar pahunchaa hoon (said by a male)
I have arrived home – मैं घर पहुँची हूँ – main ghar pahunchee hoon (said by a female)
Sentences with a transitive verb:
1. Write the sentence in past indefinite tense (Lesson 17 and Lesson 18). ने ne is added to the subject.
I wrote a letter (said by a male or a female)
मैंने ख़त लिखा – Maine khat likhaa
2. Add present tense indicators hai है, and hain हैं according to the number of the object.
I have written a letter (said by a male or a female)
मैं ने ख़त लिखा है – Maine khat likhaa hai
Examples:
She sat
वह बैठी – Vah baithee
She has sat (she is seated)
वह बैठी है – Vah baithee hai
I bought three books
मैंने तीन किताबें खरीदीं – Maine teen kitaaben khareedeen
I have bought three books
मैंने तीन किताबें खरीदीं हैं – Maine teen kitaaben khareedeen hain
Note:
1. An exception to the above rule is that the sentences with verbs मिल mil (meet), बोल bol (say/talk), भूल bhool (forget), and ला laa (bring), the verb will be according to the subject.
2. When talking about historical facts, the present perfect tense is used.
1947 में भारत को आजादी मिली – 1947 mein bhaarat ko aazaadee milee – India got independence in 1947 [This tense is not used]
1947 में भारत को आजादी मिली है – 1947 mein bhaarat ko aazaadee milee hai – India has got independence in 1947 [This tense is used]
Practice sentences:
They have come back.
वे वापिस आ चुके है – Ve vaapis aa chuke hai.
Have I read?
क्या मैंने पढ़ लिया है? – Kya maine padh liya hai?
I have finished my work.
मैंने अपना काम कर लिया है – Maine apna kaam kar liya hai.
The train has arrived at the station.
गाड़ी स्टेशन पहुँच चुकी है – Gaadi stashan pahunch chukee hai.
Have you given up smoking?
क्या आप धूम्रपान त्याग चुके हो? – Kya aap dhoomrpaan thyaag chuke ho?
Has he been to Lucknow?
क्या वह लखनउ गया है? – Kya vah lakhnau gaya hai?
I have not seen the Tajmahal as yet.
मैंने अभी तक ताजमहल नही देखा है – Maine abhee thak thaajmahal nahee dekha hai.
I have not woven the sweater.
मैंने स्वेटर नहीं बुना है – Maine sweater naheen buna hai.
I have bought Samsung mobile.
मैंने सैमसंग का मोबाईल ख़रीदा है – Maine saimsang ka mobaail khareedaa hai.